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2013年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试卷
课程代码：00015
三、Reading Comprehension（30 points，2 points for each item）从下列每篇短文 的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑
1. The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American Revolution to World WarⅡ—that's a long time.The U.S.had a very resourcerich environment，with game，fish and wildlife.In fact we have data on disadvantaged people in America,such as slaves.They were obviously among the most mistreated populations in the world，but given the resource abundance，and given the fact that the slave owners needed their work,they had to be fed relatively decently.So the slaves were taller than European peasants.It's no wonder that Europeans were just flooding to America.
Americans today are no longer the tallest people in the world.After World WarⅡ，many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable social policies.There is universal health insurance in most of these societies—that,of course，makes a difference in health care.You can also consider income inequality in the U.S., since people who are at the low end of the totem pole（图腾柱）have considerable adversity making ends meet.I suspect the difference in height between Americans and Europeans is due to both diet and health care.
Americans today suffer from an additional problem：obesity.If children are too well nourished，then they're not able to grow optimally.There are certain hormones that control the start of the adolescent growth and the start of adolescence.Nutrition is one of the factors，along with genetic and hormonal ones which are associated with the start of puberty（青春期）And if puberty comes too early，then the youth will peak out sooner,and will not become as tall in adulthood as someone who had better nutrition.Also,the overload of carbohydrates and fats in a fastfood diet may hinder the consumption of micronutrients essential to growth.
（1） The word “game” in（line 2，para.1）refers to.
（A） animals hunted for food
（B） rich natural resources
（C） activities played by kids
（D） sports events to be held
（2） Slaves in America were taller than European peasants because.
（A） they were badly treated
（B） they did not do farm work
（C） they had sufficient food to eat
（D） they enjoyed better health care
（3） It is implied in the second paragraph that.
（A） Europeans could make more money than Americans
（B） average Americans used to be shorter than Europeans
（C） welfare helps Europeans grow taller than Americans
（D） people on the totem pole are leading a comfortable life
（4） According to the third paragraph,overweight children in the U.S
（A） tend to have better nutrition for growth
（B） tend to eat more food to grow taller
（C） will grow taller than average children
（D） will fail to grow into an ideal height
（5） Eating too much fast food may affect.
（A） the absorption of micronutrients
（B） the intake of carbohydrates
（C） the consumption of hormones
（D） the digestion of fats
2. Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka are a young Japanese couple living in the USA while Yoshio studies electrical engineering.They clearly love each other very deeply,but，says Yoshio，“We didn't marry for love in the Western sense.We got married in the timehonoured Japanese way.Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker.In Japan we believe that marriage is something that affects the whole family，not just the young couple concerned.So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background，education and so on.Matchmakers are usually middleaged women who keep lists of suitable young people with information about their families，education and interests.When our parents thought it was time for us to get married they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions.We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent，and then our parents asked her to arrange a 'marriage interview' for the two of us.”
A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place，such as a hotel or restaurant,and is attended by the boy and the girl，their parents and the matchmaker.Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea and a meal.Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to know each other.When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not.If both of them want a second meeting， the matchmaker arranges it，and after that they can decide whether to carry on the courtship themselves.Here Hiromi said with a gentle smile，“Not so long ago，the girl could never refuse to go out again with a boy who liked her,but now she can. I thought
Yoshio was really nice，so I didn't refuse.”
Yoshio continued：“When our parents realized we were serious about each other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding.My family paid the 'Yuino'money to Hiromi's.This money is to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up house afterwards.We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the best room of their house，so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry. Six months after our first meeting we were married.A traditional Japanese wedding is a wonderful ceremony,and our traditional custom of arranged marriage has given me a wonderful wife.”
（1） The Japanese think marriage is important because.
（A） it is expensive to hire a matchmaker
（B） it is timeconsuming to match people
（C） it concerns the couple and their families as well
（D） it is hard to get the approval of the couples parents
（2） After a marriage interview,the second meeting will be decided by.
（A） the boys parents
（B） the matchmaker
（C） the young couple
（D） the girls parents
（3） It is implied in the second paragraph that.
（A） a good hotel can bring about a good marriage
（B） men used to be dominant in choosing a partner
（C） women played a leading role in choosing a partner
（D） a marriage interview settles all marriage arrangements
（4） Yoshio thinks that the traditional Japanese marriage is.
（A） costly
（B） satisfying
（C） complex
（D） outdated
（5） This passage is mainly about.
（A） the process of an arranged Japanese marriage
（B） a wedding ceremony in a Japanese fashion
（C） conventional marriage and modern marriage
（D） the role of matchmakers in arranging marriages
3. College-bound American high school students usually have some combination of parents，teachers，guidance counselors，or peers to support them in the tough process of applying to and beginning college.Unfortunately，adults who want to go to college—particularly adults who have been out of school for a long time—generally have no such support system.“Adults have a much harder time starting out in college because，unlike regular students，they have adult obligations—raising children and working full time—that often conflict with the demands of school，”says Deepa Rao，a World Education expert.“Also，adults who have been out of school for a long time may not be academically prepared for collegelevel work.Some have little exposure to technologies like email and Internet research,which are an increasing part of college communication and courses.They may be unaware of available resources，such as financial aid,tutoring centers or mentoring programs，and may be unfamiliar with terms such as 'bursar'and'prerequisite.'And if you don't know where to begin or what to do once you do get there，it's easy to get overwhelmed and simply give up.”
The challenges that working adults face when going to college inspired Deepa to develop a web page and website as part of World Education's National College Transition Network（NCTN），an online forum for technical assistance，news,and helpful resources for educators，policy makers，and others interested in adult learning.The new website is a counterpart（对应物）to the NCTN，set up to guide adults who are considering college through the process of applying to and succeeding in school.
The website is arranged like a college campus，with'buildings'representing the sort of departments and classrooms housed on a college campus.Each building contains'classes'that describe the admissions process，where to look for grants and scholarships，and lists resources，where an outofpractice student can review reading，writing，and math.There are also lists of advice and resources to help students with their college life.Another helpful aspect of this interactive,multimedia site is its audio capacity：all texts can be read to the visitor.This particular feature is especially helpful for people with visual problems or learning disabilities.
The cycle of learning runs from cradle to grave，and World Education works to break down barriers to education for people of all ages，all over the world.
（1） According to the passage，working adults find it difficult to start their college education because.
（A） they are too busy and academically unprepared
（B） they have been out of school for quite a long time
（C） tutoring resources in college are unavailable to them
（D） they do not have enough money for further education
（2） The comparison between adult students and regular students shows that.
（A） the latter are less prepared than the former
（B） the latter have more problems than the former
（C） the former have more problems than the latter
（D） the former are no less prepared than the latter
（3） The purpose of the website is to.
（A） help adult students edit web pages
（B） provide adult students with guidance
（C） solve financial problems of adult students
（D） enable students to repair computers by themselves
（4） The newly created website provides programs.
（A） for regular college students only
（B） for students interested in websites
（C） for students including the disabled
（D） for educators interested in adult learning
（5） The last paragraph shows that learning.
（A） involves difficulties
（B） starts at ones birthplace
（C） requires repeated efforts
（D） is a lifelong process
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